Calculators

Pipe & Trench Calculator

LF
in
ft
in
Material CY Tons Loads
Excavation (export) 83.3 90.0 4.6
Bedding (import) 5.6 8.3
Backfill (import) 68.1 88.8
Restoration 400 SF (44.4 SY)
Advanced Options
×
×
in

Concrete Calculator

ft
ft
in
LF
ft
ft
in
Type Area CY Loads
Flatwork 1,000 SF 20.00 2.0
Advanced Options
×

Asphalt Calculator

SF
in
in
Material Quantity Loads
Asphalt (HMA) 110.0 tons 5.0
Tack Coat 7.8 gal 111.1 SY
Advanced Options
gal/SY

Aggregate & Fill Calculator

ft
ft
in
Measure Value Loads
Area 2,400 SF
Order Quantity 51.1 CY / 76.7 tons 4.5
Advanced Options
×
tons

Earthwork Calculator

ft
ft
ft
SF
SF
ft
Cut (Export) CY Tons Loads
Loose Volume 2,777.8 3,333.3 154.3
Surface Area 20,000 SF 0.46 ac
Advanced Options
×
×
Reference

Trench Dimensions Reference

Proper trench sizing is critical for safety, installation, and accurate estimating. Always check local codes and OSHA requirements.
Standard Trench Widths by Pipe Size
Pipe SizeMin WidthTypicalNotes
4" - 6"18"24"Small utilities
8" - 12"24"30" - 36"Standard sewer/water
15" - 18"30"36" - 42"Larger sewer
24" - 30"42"48" - 54"Storm drain
36" - 48"54"60" - 72"Large storm/trunk
Minimum Cover Requirements
ApplicationMin CoverTypical
Water main36" - 42"48"
Sanitary sewer36" - 48"60" - 72"
Storm drain24" - 36"36" - 48"
Gas line18" - 24"24" - 36"
Electric24" - 36"36"
Basic Trench Volume (Bank CY)
CY = Length (ft) × Width (ft) × Depth (ft) ÷ 27
Bank CY per 100 LF of Trench
Width4' Deep5' Deep6' Deep8' Deep
24"29.637.044.459.3
30"37.046.355.674.1
36"44.455.666.788.9
42"51.964.877.8103.7
48"59.374.188.9118.5
Swell & Shrink by Soil Type
Soil TypeSwell %Shrink %
Sand/Gravel10-15%10-12%
Common Earth20-30%15-20%
Clay30-40%20-25%
Rock50-60%N/A

Concrete Reference

Basic Volume
CY = L (ft) × W (ft) × Thickness (ft) ÷ 27
Add 5-10% for waste, overdig, and spillage
Shortcut (thickness in inches)
CY = Square Feet × Thickness (in) ÷ 324
CY per 1,000 SF by Thickness
ThicknessCY/1,000 SFTons/CY*
4"12.3549.4
5"15.4361.7
6"18.5274.1
8"24.6998.8
10"30.86123.4
12"37.04148.2

* Based on 4,000 lbs/CY concrete weight

Standard Curb & Gutter Profiles
TypeHeightWidthCY/100 LF
Rolled Curb4" - 6"18" - 24"1.5 - 2.0
Vertical Curb6"6" face0.8 - 1.0
Integral C&G6" × 18"24" gutter2.5 - 3.0
Barrier Curb8" × 12"24" gutter3.0 - 3.5

Asphalt Reference

Standard Tonnage Formula
Tons = SF × Thickness (in) × 0.055
Based on 145 lbs/CF compacted density (standard HMA)
Coverage Factor
1 Ton covers ~18 SF at 1 inch thick
Tons per 1,000 SF by Thickness
ThicknessTons/1,000 SFSF per Ton
1"5518.2
1.5"82.512.1
2"1109.1
2.5"137.57.3
3"1656.1
4"2204.5
Typical Road Sections
Road TypeSurfaceBaseSubbase
Residential Street2" - 3"4" - 6" ABCOptional
Collector Road3" - 4"6" - 8" ABC4" - 6"
Arterial4" - 6"8" - 12" ABC6" - 12"
Parking Lot2" - 3"4" - 6" ABCOptional

Aggregates & Base Reference

Shortcut for Road Base
Tons = SF × Thickness (in) × 0.0555
Based on 1.5 tons/CY (3,000 lbs)
Material Weights (Compacted)
MaterialTons/CYlbs/CY
Crushed Road Base (ABC)1.53,000
3/4" Crushed Rock1.42,800
1.5" Crushed Rock1.352,700
Pea Gravel1.42,800
Sand1.42,800
Topsoil1.12,200
Rip Rap (large)1.252,500
Road Base per 1,000 SF
ThicknessTons (ABC)CY
4"55.512.3
6"83.318.5
8"11124.7
10"13930.9
12"16737.0

Production Rates

Rates vary by soil conditions, depth, access, weather, and crew experience. Use historical data when available.
Excavator Production Rates
Excavator SizeLoose CY/HourBank CY/HourNotes
Mini (1-3 CY)15-2512-20Tight spaces, shallow
Small (3-5 CY)40-6032-48Standard utility work
Medium (5-8 CY)80-12064-96Deep trenches, large pipe
Large (8-12 CY)150-220120-176Mass excavation
Pipe Installation Rates (Crew of 3-4)
Pipe SizeLF/DayFactors
4" - 6"200-400Small, fast handling
8" - 12"150-300Standard utility size
15" - 18"100-200Heavier, slower
24" - 30"50-100Requires larger equipment
36"+25-75Heavy equipment, careful placement

Hauling & Trucking

Truck Capacities
Truck TypeLoose CYTonsNotes
Single Axle8-1210-15Small jobs, tight access
Tandem Axle12-1815-22Standard dump truck
Tri-Axle18-2222-28Larger loads
End Dump (Semi)20-2525-30Mass hauling
Bottom Dump25-3030-35Spreading applications
Number of Trucks Needed
Trucks = (Production CY/Hour × Haul Time Hours) ÷ Truck Capacity
Example: 100 CY/hr, 30-min round trip, 18 CY trucks → (100 × 0.5) ÷ 18 = 2.8 → 3 trucks

Quick Formulas

MaterialFormulaNotes
ConcreteCY = SF × inches ÷ 324Add 5-10% waste
AsphaltTons = SF × inches × 0.055Standard HMA
ExcavationCY = L × W × D ÷ 27Bank measure
Import FillTons = CY × 1.5 × 1.15Avg weight + shrink
BackfillCY = Trench - Pipe - BeddingAdd compaction factor
Water VolumeGal = SF × Depth × 7.48For dewatering
Haul Trucks(CY/hr × Time) ÷ CapacityRound up
Volume Conversions
27 CF = 1 CY
7.48 gal = 1 CF
202 gal = 1 CY
Weight Estimates
1 CY soil ≈ 2,700 lbs
1 CY gravel ≈ 2,800 lbs
1 CY concrete ≈ 4,000 lbs
Area Conversions
9 SF = 1 SY
43,560 SF = 1 acre
4,840 SY = 1 acre